【SIGGRAPH Asia 2012专题*技术论文】图形绘制：凹形的三维图形

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【SIGGRAPH Asia 2012专题*技术论文】
图形绘制：凹形的三维图形Foveated 3D Graphics
Brian Guenter, Mark Finch, Steven ***cker, Desney Tan, John Snyder 摘要：我们利用在视觉外围的衰减视力在桌面上高清显示屏（1920×1080），以加速图形的5-6倍计算的。我们跟踪用户的注视点，并在逐步提高的角度大小，使得它周围的三个图像层有较低的采样率。这三个层放大显示分辨率和顺利合成。我们开发了一个全面，高效的抗锯齿算法容易地改装到现有的图形代码，以尽量减少在分辨率较低层的“闪烁”文物。一个标准的心理生理视力衰减模型假定，最低检出角的大小呈线性增加的函数偏心。由于这个衰减特性的斜率，我们会自动计算层规模和采样率。结果看起来像一个全分辨率图像，但减少由一个因子10-15.We阴影的像素的数目进行了用户研究来验证这些结果。它标识两个级别的foveation质量：在其中用户报告时，直接同时显示视网膜中央凹渲染质量等同或优于非视网膜中央凹更保守的一个，和一个更积极的一个，在其中用户是无法正确地标记为增加或减少短的质量相对于高品质的视网膜中央凹参考进展。根据该用户的研究，我们得到的偏心度模型的的1.32-1.65弧分钟，每一个斜率值。这允许我们视网膜中央凹渲染预测未来的两个优点：（1）存在比目前更大的节省与较大的，更清晰的显示器（例如，100倍的加速比在图70°和分辨率匹配的中心凹视力的字段），（2）在一个恒定的锐度的平面显示器，一个大致呈线性增加（而不是二次或更差）在渲染成本的增加显示的视场。Abstract：We exploit the falloff of acuity in the visual periphery to accelerate graphics computation by a factor of 5-6 on a desktop HD display(1920×1080). Our method tracks the user’s gaze point and renders three image layers around it at progressively higher angular size but lower sampling rate. The three layers are then magnified to display resolution and smoothly composited. We develop a general and efficient antialiasing algorithm easily retrofitted into existing graphics code to minimize “twinkling” artifacts in the lower-resolution layers. A standard psychophysical model for acuity falloff assumes that minimum detectable angular size increases linearly as a function of eccentricity. Given the slope characterizing this falloff, we automatically compute layer sizes and sampling rates. The result looks like a full-resolution image but reduces the number of pixels shaded by a factor of 10-15.We performed a user study to validate these results. It identifies two levels of foveation quality: a more conservative one in which users reported foveated rendering quality as equivalent to or better than non-foveated when directly shown both, and a more aggressive one in which users were unable to correctly label as increasing or decreasing a short quality progression relative to a high-quality foveated reference. Based on this user study, we obtain a slope value for the model of 1.32-1.65 arc minutes per degree of eccentricity. This allows us to predict two future advantages of foveated rendering: (1) bigger savings with larger, sharper displays than exist currently (e.g. 100 times speedup at a field of view of 70° and resolution matching foveal acuity), and (2) a roughly linear (rather than quadratic or worse) increase in rendering cost with increasing display field of view, for planar displays at a constant sharpness.
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